Passive Voice

Pengertian

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini :

S + auxiliary verb + participle

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh:

She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)

• Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular maupun irregular.

Contoh:

play (base form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past participle)

Contoh Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:

Komponen			Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
Subject	be	PP
I	Am	paid	I am paid in dollars. (Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
the red velvet recipe	Is	used	The red velvet recipe is used by many people. (Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
all of my shoes	are	washed	All of my shoes are washed every month. (Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
large amounts of meat and milk	Are	consumed	Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries. (Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)
the book	was	edited	The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
the books	were	edited	The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks. (Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs

Tidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

Contoh:

• I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
• The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.

For example :

1.      is written by…. (ditulis oleh….)

2.      are bought by …. (dibeli oleh….)

3.      was found by…. (ditemukan oleh….)

4.      were swept by…. (disapu oleh….)

5.      can be seen by…. (dapat dilihat oleh….)

6.      will be visited by…. (akan dikunjungi oleh….)

7.      must be done by…. (harus dikerjakan oleh….)

8.      should be washed by….(harus/seharusnya dicuci oleh….)

9.      may be borrowed by…. (bisa/mungkin dipinjam oleh….)

10.  has been done by…. (telah dikerjakan oleh….)

11.  have been visited by…. (telah dikunjungi oleh…)

12.  had been discussed by…. (telah didiskusikan oleh….)

13.  is being written by…. (sedang ditulis oleh…..)

14.  are being read by…. (sedang dibaca oleh….)

15.  was being written by….( sedang ditulis oleh…..)

16.  were being written by…. (sedang ditulis oleh…..)

Look at the sentences here!

1.      The letter is written by my sister. (My sister writes the letter)

2.      Some apples are bought by my mother. (My mother buys some apples)

3.      The letter was written by my sister yesterday.

4.      Some apples were bought by my mother two hours ago.

5.      Some apples will be bought by my mother tomorrow.

6.      Fadil has been visited by his uncle.

7.      Fadil and Dilla have been visited by their aunt.

8.      Newspaper is being read by my sister now.

9.      Some apples are being eaten by my brother.

10.  Some apples were being eaten by my brother yesterday.

Active and Passive Voice Sentences

Most English sentences are written with active, passive, or neuter verbs, such as being verbs. The active and passive voices are the two main voices in English, but some sentences may also be considered to be in the middle or mediopassive voice. Voice is the relationship between the subject and the verb in a clause or the transfer of action.

•          In the active voice, the subject performs the action. The subject of an active-voice construction is known as an agent. A clause with an active, transitive verb will be in the form of subject-verb-object. Example: The student finished the exercise.

•       In the passive voice, the subject receives the action. The subject of a passive-voice construction is known as a patient. An active voice clause can be passivized, or recast in the passive voice (for example, to increase formality), by making the object of the active clause the subject of the passive clause. “The exercise” is the object in the sentence above. The verb will be “was finished.” For a passive verb, the tense and subject-verb agreement are always shown through the auxiliary verb “to be.” The main verb is always the past participle. The subject of the active voice sentence can be included in a prepositional phrase with “by.”

Example: The exercise was finished by the student.

Intransitive verbs can be used in the passive voice when a prepositional phrase is included.

1.         Active voice: The teacher referred to “voice” as a grammatical term.

Passive voice: “Voice” was referred to as a grammatical term by the teacher.

2.         Active voice: The man yelled at the waiter.

Passive voice: The waiter was yelled at by the man.

3.         Active voice: Millions of people lived in the houses.

Passive voice: The houses were lived in by millions of people.

Intransitive verbs without prepositional phrases cannot be passivized. There is no word to become the subject of the sentence. Active voice: Millions of people lived.
Passive voice: ? was lived. Linking verbs (such as being verbs) are intransitive verbs that can never be used in the passive voice. They do not show action and are thus neither active nor passive. They are called neuter verbs.

•          In the active voice, the sentence has between two and three noun phrases that do not require a prepositional phrase. These are called the subject, the direct object and the indirect object.

•       I dropped the ball. (“I” is the subject. “The ball” is the direct object.

•          The man offered the butler a reward. (“The man” is the subject. “The butler” is the indirect object and “a reward” is the direct object.)

•          The man offered a reward to the butler. (“The man” is still the subject. “A reward” is still the direct object, but “the butler” is now part of a prepositional phrase and is no longer an indirect object.)

•          In the passive voice, the sentence has one fewer noun phrase than the corresponding active. The subject is removed and can appear only in an optional prepositional phrase. The object is promoted to subject. For ditransitive verbs, the direct or indirect object can become the subject.

1.      The ball was dropped by me. (“The ball” is now the subject. “Me” shows up in an optional “by”-phrase.)

2.      The Butler was offered a reward by the man. (“The butler” is now the subject. There is only one object: “a reward.” “The man” shows up in an optional “by”-phrase.)

3.      A reward was offered to the butler by the man. (“A reward” is now the subject. “The butler” is not considered an indirect object because it is part of a prepositional phrase. “The man” shows up in an optional “by”-phrase.)

 Sumber :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice

http://bettyranang.wordpress.com/2013/12/02/passive-voice-kalimat-pasif/

http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2010/04/active-and-passive-voice-sentences/



Nama : Ardilla Zakiani
Kelas : 4 EA 19
NPM : 11210000

CURRICULUM VITAE

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Details

Name                          : Ardilla Zakiani

Address                     : Jl. Pisangan Baru 1 RT 13/10 No.9 Pisangan Baru
                                    Jakarta Timur 13110

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Place & Date of Birth  : Jakarta, July 11, 1992

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Nationality                   : Indonesia

Email                           : Zakiani.ardilla@yahoo.com

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1.      1998 – 2004 SDN 11 pagi Jakarta Timur

2.      2004 – 2007 Junior High School / SMP Muhammadiyah 05 Jakarta Timur

3.      2007 – 2010 Senior High School / SMKN 31 Jakarta Timur

4.      2010 – 2014 Gunadarma University Economic Management

III. Job Experiences

·         2009 Agustus – September  On the job training at Otoirita Batam, Jakarta

·         2012 Course of Management Export Import Product and Simulation at Gunadarma University

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Nama : Ardilla Zakiani
NPM : 11210000
Kelas : 4EA19