People using paper money and coins to pay something. Besides that, there are other forms of payment which are more efficient and simple. For example bank drafts, personal checks, traveler’s checks and credit cards.
Credit card is issued by a bank to an individual for a set period of time. To become eligible for a credit card, people must usually have a bank account and meet the required minimum annual income.
The credit card has many advantages. People can use credit card to pay for food at food court outlet, to pay for dress at a boutique, to buy an airline ticket and to settle bills in hotels in the country or abroad. Some credit card can be used only local area but others are accepted worldwide. The most benefit of credit card is that cardholders do not need to carry cash. With credit card people can pay for things in an emergency.
The credit card has some risks too. The cardholder’s tendency to spend more money. Actually when people use a credit card,it means that people have debts in bank and people have to pay debts and interest. Another risk of credit card is being overcharged.
Jumat, 29 April 2011
LOCAL ARTS IN INDONESIA
Local art is a product made by local people. Local art expresses the uniqueness of the creator, of the society ti which the marker belongs, of all mankind or all of these. The product appeals to the intellect and to be senses. Local art can be variety of forms sech as musical composition, dance, drama, public exhibition, concert, novel or poem.
There are various kinds of local arts in Java. If foreign tourists visit the Lebak (Banten) regency, they will be attracted to the Debus performance. The performer stab himself with a dagger or sword but he does not hurt himself.
In Bandung West Java, foreign tourist will be able to see the Angklung concert. The concert does not only play Indonesian music, but also American and European music. Angklung is a musical instrument made of bamboo. Angklung is played simply by shaking it. Foreign tourist usually try to play angklung after seeing the concert.
In Central and West Java, drama is often performed in the form of puppet plays called Wayang. Foreign tourist enjoy the puppet show. Wayang accompanied by music played in native instruments in a gamelan orchestra. In Central Java, wayang is played by man or woman dresses in wayang and plays a certain role in the story called Wayang Orang. It is veery popular in Solo, Yogyakarta and Semarang.
There are various kinds of local arts in Java. If foreign tourists visit the Lebak (Banten) regency, they will be attracted to the Debus performance. The performer stab himself with a dagger or sword but he does not hurt himself.
In Bandung West Java, foreign tourist will be able to see the Angklung concert. The concert does not only play Indonesian music, but also American and European music. Angklung is a musical instrument made of bamboo. Angklung is played simply by shaking it. Foreign tourist usually try to play angklung after seeing the concert.
In Central and West Java, drama is often performed in the form of puppet plays called Wayang. Foreign tourist enjoy the puppet show. Wayang accompanied by music played in native instruments in a gamelan orchestra. In Central Java, wayang is played by man or woman dresses in wayang and plays a certain role in the story called Wayang Orang. It is veery popular in Solo, Yogyakarta and Semarang.
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
There are various kinds of industry in Indonesia such as automobile industry, chemical industry, food industry and many more. Most of the owner or producer of the industries are rich people. They have a lot of money to establish industries. They manage the business industries very well because they can get good profit.
One of the industry in Indonesia is small-scale industries. Small-scale industries are usually small companies that produce shoes, furniture, candy or sweet, dress and kitchen utensils such as pots, pans, kettles. The small-scale industries only produce things in small amount. That is why they are called small-scale industries.
A lots of owners or producers of the small-scale industries have failed because lack capital. It is difficult for the owner to make public aware of their products. Small-scale industry does not advertise its products. When the owners or producers needs money, they borrows the money from a bank or a corporative.
In business, it is necessary for small-scale industries to compete in price or quality to succeed. In spite of small business, a owner or producer should know about marketing to market their goods, good and careful management. Beside that, the owners also give some educational training and specialization jobs for their workers
One of the industry in Indonesia is small-scale industries. Small-scale industries are usually small companies that produce shoes, furniture, candy or sweet, dress and kitchen utensils such as pots, pans, kettles. The small-scale industries only produce things in small amount. That is why they are called small-scale industries.
A lots of owners or producers of the small-scale industries have failed because lack capital. It is difficult for the owner to make public aware of their products. Small-scale industry does not advertise its products. When the owners or producers needs money, they borrows the money from a bank or a corporative.
In business, it is necessary for small-scale industries to compete in price or quality to succeed. In spite of small business, a owner or producer should know about marketing to market their goods, good and careful management. Beside that, the owners also give some educational training and specialization jobs for their workers
JAKARTA HISTORY MUSEUM
Jakarta History Museum also known as Museum Fatahillah. This museum is located in Taman Fatahillah, used to be the heart of the Dutch colonial administration. Formerly, it was Stadhuis or the Town Hall of Batavia, built in 1627 and then renovated in 1705 until 1715.
When the Dutch colonial, this building did not only function as court house. This building were also a town administration office, military headquarters and a registrar’s office. The museum has a collection of 18th century furnishings, chinaware, ancient maps of Jakarta and portraits of the former colonial governors.
The museum consist of two floors. On the first floor, there are a main hall of museum and also the prison cell. The prison cell used to be crowded with prisoners. Many of prisoners could not stand living in the small cell for long time. Some of the prisoners were robbers, thieves, murderers, deserters, debtors and insane people.On the second floor of the museum, it was the place where government officials held their meetings to discuss administrative affairs. Beside that, there was a chamber occupied by the judge.
In the backyard of the museum, there is a big old Portuguese cannon called Si Jagur. People believed that Si Jagur possesses certain mystical powers. There are two cafes in this area. One of them is Café Museum, which is located in the museum building. The other is Café Batavia, located across the square of museum.
Museum of Historical Jakarta held a unique tour. It called Tour Museum Malam. The purpose of this tour is to promote Museum of Historical Jakarta. The participants of the tour were instructed not to activate handphone, take pictures with flashlights or make noise.
When the Dutch colonial, this building did not only function as court house. This building were also a town administration office, military headquarters and a registrar’s office. The museum has a collection of 18th century furnishings, chinaware, ancient maps of Jakarta and portraits of the former colonial governors.
The museum consist of two floors. On the first floor, there are a main hall of museum and also the prison cell. The prison cell used to be crowded with prisoners. Many of prisoners could not stand living in the small cell for long time. Some of the prisoners were robbers, thieves, murderers, deserters, debtors and insane people.On the second floor of the museum, it was the place where government officials held their meetings to discuss administrative affairs. Beside that, there was a chamber occupied by the judge.
In the backyard of the museum, there is a big old Portuguese cannon called Si Jagur. People believed that Si Jagur possesses certain mystical powers. There are two cafes in this area. One of them is Café Museum, which is located in the museum building. The other is Café Batavia, located across the square of museum.
Museum of Historical Jakarta held a unique tour. It called Tour Museum Malam. The purpose of this tour is to promote Museum of Historical Jakarta. The participants of the tour were instructed not to activate handphone, take pictures with flashlights or make noise.
Selasa, 12 April 2011
Adverbial Clause
Adverbial Clause is a Clause (clause) which functions as an adverb, which describes a verb. Adverbial Clause usually classified based on "the meaning / intent" of the conjunction (conjunctive that preceded it).
The types of adverbial Clause include:
1. Clause of Time
Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) as after, before, no sooner, while, axles, etc..
Example:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh :
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh :
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh :
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. Atau It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. Atau It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Catatan
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
a. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.
b. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh :
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.
Sumber :
http : www.ismailmidi.com
The types of adverbial Clause include:
1. Clause of Time
Clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction (conjunctive) as after, before, no sooner, while, axles, etc..
Example:
• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.
2. Clause of Place
Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.
Contoh :
• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like.
3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.
Contoh :
• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.
4. Clause of Manner
Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.
Contoh :
• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.
5. Clause of Purpose and Result
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.
Contoh:
• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.
6. Clause of Cause and Effect
Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.
Contoh:
• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
Contoh:
• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Contoh:
• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
Contoh:
• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. Atau It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. Atau It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
Contoh:
• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:
1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll
Contoh:
• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)
2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as
Contoh:
• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.
3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.
Contoh:
• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.
Catatan
Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:
1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.
Contoh:
a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.
Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.
Contoh:
a. DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.
b. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH
• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
7. Clause of Condition
Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.
Contoh :
• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.
Sumber :
http : www.ismailmidi.com
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