"SEJARAH KOPERASI "

Sejarah singkat gerakan koperasi bermula pada abad ke-20 yang pada umumnya merupakan hasil dari usaha yang tidak spontan dan tidak dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang sangat kaya. Koperasi tumbuh dari kalangan rakyat, ketika penderitaan dalam lapangan ekonomi dan sosial yang ditimbulkan oleh sistem kapitalisme semakin memuncak. Beberapa orang yang penghidupannya sederhana dengan kemampuan ekonomi terbatas, terdorong oleh penderitaan dan beban ekonomi yang sama, secara spontan mempersatukan diri untuk menolong dirinya sendiri dan manusia sesamanya.
Pada tahun 1896 seorang Pamong Praja Patih R.Aria Wiria Atmaja di Purwokerto mendirikan sebuah Bank untuk para pegawai negeri (priyayi). Ia terdorong oleh keinginannya untuk menolong para pegawai yang makin menderita karena terjerat oleh lintah darat yang memberikan pinjaman dengan bunga yang tinggi. Maksud Patih tersebut untuk mendirikan koperasi kredit model seperti di Jerman. Cita-cita semangat tersebut selanjutnya diteruskan oleh De Wolffvan Westerrode, seorang asisten residen Belanda. De Wolffvan Westerrode sewaktu cuti berhasil mengunjungi Jerman dan menganjurkan akan mengubah Bank Pertolongan Tabungan yang sudah ada menjadi Bank Pertolongan, Tabungan dan Pertanian. Selain pegawai negeri juga para petani perlu dibantu karena mereka makin menderita karena tekanan para pengijon. Ia juga menganjurkan mengubah Bank tersebut menjadi koperasi. Di samping itu ia pun mendirikan lumbung-lumbung desa yang menganjurkan para petani menyimpan pada pada musim panen dan memberikan pertolongan pinjaman padi pada musim paceklik. Ia pun berusaha menjadikan lumbung-lumbung itu menjadi Koperasi Kredit Padi. Tetapi Pemerintah Belanda pada waktu itu berpendirian lain. Bank Pertolongan, Tabungan dan Pertanian dan Lumbung Desa tidak dijadikan Koperasi tetapi Pemerintah Belanda membentuk lumbung-lumbung desa baru, bank –bank Desa , rumah gadai dan Centrale Kas yang kemudian menjadi Bank Rakyak Indonesia (BRI). Semua itu adalah badan usaha Pemerntah dan dipimpin oleh orang-orang Pemerintah.
Pada zaman Belanda pembentuk koperasi belum dapat terlaksana karena:
1. Belum ada instansi pemerintah ataupun badan non pemerintah yang memberikan penerangan dan penyuluhan tentang koperasi.
2. Belum ada Undang-Undang yang mengatur kehidupan koperasi.
3. Pemerintah jajahan sendiri masih ragu-ragu menganjurkan koperasi karena pertimbangan politik, khawatir koperasi itu akan digunakan oleh kaum politik untuk tujuan yang membahayakan pemerintah jajahan itu.
Pada tahun 1908, Budi Utomo yang didirikan oleh Dr. Sutomo memberikan peranan bagi gerakan koperasi untuk memperbaiki kehidupan rakyat. Pada tahun 1915 dibuat peraturan Verordening op de Cooperatieve Vereeniging, dan pada tahun 1927 Regeling Inlandschhe Cooperatieve.
Pada tahun 1927 dibentuk Serikat Dagang Islam, yang bertujuan untuk memperjuangkan kedudukan ekonomi pengusah-pengusaha pribumi. Kemudian pada tahun 1929, berdiri Partai Nasional Indonesia yang memperjuangkan penyebarluasan semangat koperasi.
Namun, pada tahun 1933 keluar UU yang mirip UU no. 431 sehingga mematikan usaha koperasi untuk yang kedua kalinya. Pada tahun 1942 Jepang menduduki Indonesia. Jepang lalu mendirikan koperasi kumiyai. Awalnya koperasi ini berjalan mulus. Namun fungsinya berubah drastis dan menjadi alat Jepang untuk mengeruk keuntungan, dan menyengsarakan rakyat Indonesia.
Setelah Indonesia merdeka, pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947, pergerakan koperasi di Indonesia mengadakan Kongres Koperasi yang pertama di Tasikmalaya. Hari ini kemudian ditetapkan sebagai Hari Koperasi Indonesia.

MY HOLIDAY IN BANDUNG

Last year, me and my family went to Bandung, West Java. We visited Bandung to holiday. We went to Bandung by a train. Train departed from Jatinegara Railway Station at 10 a.m and arrived in Bandung at 12.30 p.m. My uncle picked and took us to his house. We stayed in my uncle’s home for three days.

In Bandung, we didn’t waste our time. We visited Kawah Putih. Kawah Putih is located in Ciwidey (South Bandung). It took about 2 hours from my uncle’s home. White Crater is very beautiful. Kawah Putih can have different color in their lake. And the weather was so cold. Tourists took a photos with Kawah Putih as a background.

Then we visited strawberry farm. In there, tourists can directly pick strawberies by themselves. So many strawberries in various types such as strawberry jam, strawberry juice, strawberry dodol.

Last day, it was shopping time. We went to factory outlet in Jl Riau. There are a lots of stores and factory outlets along this road. Factory outlets are the most popular places in Bandung. I bought some clothes here.

We also taste some traditional food like Surabi, Batagor, etc. My parents bought some traditional foods for our neighbors in Jakarta. Such as Keripik (chips) tempe, Peuyeum , Brownies “Amanda”. I really happy in this holiday.

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 2

1. We had our treasury Bought our new books yesterday. (buy / buys / bought / to buy)
2. She has her mom cooked dinner for her. (cook / cooks / cooked / to cook )
3. He had his brother done his homework last night (do / does / did / done)
4. Tom is having Bill written the report at the moment. (write / writes / writing / written)
5. Mike has Jenni saved his data. (save / saving / saves / saved)
6. Bob has his packages delivered by the postman. ( deliver / delivers / delivered / delivery)
7. Eddy had_his data changed by his secretary last week. (change / changes / changed / changing)
8. Marie is having her house painted by the workmen at the moment. ( paint / painting / painted / paints)
9. Jonny has his car parked by the parking man. (park / parks / parking / parked)
10. They are having their maid cleaned their room right now. (clean / cleaned / cleans / cleaning)

BALI BOMBING

Bali is a popular island in Indonesia. Many tourist from local and foreign come to Bali. There are a lot of tourist sites in Bali such as Kuta Beach, Kintamani, Tanjung Benoa etc. People call Bali as “Pulau Dewata”.

But in 12 October 2002 bom explosion occurred in the region of Kuta in Bali Island. First bomb carried by a suicide bomber in the bag and exploded in Paddy’s Club. And The second bomb carried by a car bomb and exploded in Sari Club, located opposite Paddy’s Club. The bom has killed 202 people mostly foreign tourists from Australia and 240 people were injured including Balinese people.

The police have catch terrorists. They are Imam Samudra, Ali Imron, Amrozi etc. In 2008 Imam Samudra, Ali Imron and Amrozi were executed by firing squad on the island prison of Nusakambangan.

To remember the victims of Bali Bomb, the Balinese government built a monument on Legian Street in 2004. The memorial is made of intricately carved stone, set with a large marble plaque, which bears the names and nationalities of each of those killed. It is flanked by the national flags of the victims. The monument is well-maintained and illuminated at night.

CAT LOVER

My first cat named Pretty. I found her in front of my house when the raining. Her mother was died. So I decided to keep her. Even though my parents were not allowed to keep pet in our house, I stubbornly insisted on keeping Pretty until my parents gave in. I remember how hard it was to take care my cat. When Pretty died, I was so sad.

At present my cat is Yuldut. My father’s friend gave her to me. I’ve had her since she was 4 months old and now she almost 6 years old. Yuldut is an Angora cat. Yuldut has long hair, big eyes and pug nose. But she is so cute.

One day, Yuldut escaped from my house. She ran across the street. I ran after her and calling her, but she didnot seem to listen. Yuldut was nowhere to be seen. I felt so worried. She could not survive in the street. But if she could not be found, what would I do ?. Finally my friend found Yuldut slept under the car. I was so happy because I did not lose her.

Yuldut usually meowing louder when she feel hungry. As for her food, canned and dried food is my choice. I always wash her twice a month. At the night, Yuldut sleep under my bed.

Cats make me smile. Looking at them is like therapy for me, except when they poops. Cats are cute and classy. There is no doubt that I am a cat lover.Even the Prophet Muhammad loved cat.

FAMILY

My family consists of seven people. There are my father, mother, two olders, brother in law, and niece. My parents come from Bogor, West Java. Since 1980 my parents have been living in Jakarta.

My father works as a contactor. He is a hardworker. My father is a family man too. He is very responsible with his family. Between my other sisters, I am very close with my father.

My mother is a housewife. Her hobby is cooking. In Ramadhan my mother and I always made a cookies like nastar, kastengel and many more. Although my mother is talkative but she loves her children so much. I am so proud of my mother. She is the best mother in the world.

My eldest sister named Yanti. She is 24 years old. She graduated from economic college. She works as an accounting. And my another sister named Wulan. She is 23 years old. When she was 21 years old,she married. Her husband is a private employee.

Vania is my niece. She is 1,5 years old. She loves smiling to everyone. Vania likes music so much. Everytime she listens to the music, she shakes her body. Now, she is learning to talk.

WOMAN WORKERS

Many societies today expect that women will play their major role by caring for a home and family. The differences between men and women in a society are taught very early in childhood, and boys and girls grow up to be what men and women in that society are expected to be.

But the present economic system forces women and girls to try to find a jobs outside their homes. They try to earn their living to support their families. In rural areas, agriculture is so important that usually men and boys help their families by planting and taking care of crops. So do women and girls.

More Indonesian women workers try to find jobs in foreign countries. They are usually sent by non-governmental organizations. They work in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, for instance, as housekeepers, housemaids, cooks, babysitters and nurses. Before being sent abroad, they are trained in Jakarta for several weeks